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History of the UN Climate Negotiations - Part 1 - from the 1980's to 2010
Based on first scientific insights on climate change, policy makers agreed in 1992 on a UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Since then, the UNFCCC has been the basis for climate...
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History of the UN Climate Negotiations - Part 2 - from 2011 to 2015
Several factors led to uncertainty and complexity as well as scepticism on the likelihood of reaching an effective agreement in the post-Copenhagen process, including the shift in the UNFCCC...
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Household Contribution to Buildings' Carbon Footprint
Households remain one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector, due to their energy consumptions, with certain Member States having thrice or more the...
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Energy Efficiency Policy Instruments in the European Union
Energy Efficiency Obligations are the cornerstone of the Energy Efficiency Directive from 2012. Under such obligations energy companies are responsible for generating energy savings. This policy was...
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Article 7 of the EED: Will MSs Achieve their Energy Savings Targets?
Article 7 of the Energy Efficiency Directive obliges Member States to develop an Energy Efficiency Obligation scheme or/and use alternative measures like energy certificates, minimum energy performance...
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Agriculture and Climate Change in the EU: An Overview
Agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU, while also being heavily affected by climate change. Mitigation and adaptation have to be prioritised by both farmers and...
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Technical Options for Climate Change Mitigation in EU Agriculture
Agriculture and land management play a central role in climate change mitigation in the EU. The potential of greenhouse gas mitigation measures differs according to regional characteristics and farming...
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New Market Mechanisms: Status of Discussions under the UNFCCC
Due to the limitations of existing market mechanism, parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have been prompted to look for new tools to improve cost effectiveness of...
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The Costs of Mitigation: An Overview
There is quite a vast landscape of different definitions used for the word 'cost' related to the concepts of climate change. To enhance appropriate application and interpretation, this knowledge...
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International Ambition on Targets for the Post-2020 Era
The international community is negotiating a post-2020 framework for global climate action. The UNFCCC meeting concluded with such a framework of increasing emissions reduction commitments beyond 2020....
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Role of Countries in Climate Negotiations
Since the 1990s, almost all countries in the world negotiate on international climate policies as Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This has resulted in several...
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Observer NGOs and the International Climate Negotiations
The first part of this knowledge package, "Role of Countries in Climate Negotiations" (POLIMP, 2015) presented an overview of the multilevel interaction of government stakeholders in the UN Framework...
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Carbon Leakage and Industrial Innovation
Carbon leakage is defined as an increase of emissions outside the EU because of EU climate policies. As such policies affect the costs of economic activity, especially in energy intensive industries,...
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Non-Market-Based Climate Policy Instruments
European climate policies apply a mix of different policy instruments to impose emissions reductions. Main instrument categories include non-market-based and market-based instruments. This knowledge...
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The Role of Industrial Emissions Within the EU: Trends and Policy
Greenhouse gas emissions generated by industrial activity constitute a significant share of total emissions in the EU. The EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) is the cornerstone of policies leading to...
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History of the UN Climate Negotiations - Part 1 - from the 1980's to 2010
Based on first scientific insights on climate change, policy makers agreed in 1992 on a UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Since then, the UNFCCC has been the basis for climate...
View ArticleClik here to view.
History of the UN Climate Negotiations - Part 2 - from 2011 to 2015
Several factors led to uncertainty and complexity as well as scepticism on the likelihood of reaching an effective agreement in the post-Copenhagen process, including the shift in the UNFCCC...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Household Contribution to Buildings' Carbon Footprint
Households remain one of the most significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector, due to their energy consumptions, with certain Member States having thrice or more the...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Energy Efficiency Policy Instruments in the European Union
Energy Efficiency Obligations are the cornerstone of the Energy Efficiency Directive from 2012. Under such obligations energy companies are responsible for generating energy savings. This policy was...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Article 7 of the EED: Will MSs Achieve their Energy Savings Targets?
Article 7 of the Energy Efficiency Directive obliges Member States to develop an Energy Efficiency Obligation scheme or/and use alternative measures like energy certificates, minimum energy performance...
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